空壓機(jī)故障檢查與維護(hù)

日常維護(hù)保養(yǎng)中，除了要定期換油，換濾芯等易損耗件外，還需進(jìn)行大量故障維修工作。轉(zhuǎn)子的轉(zhuǎn)速、噴油壓力及油種類、壓縮機(jī)排氣的溫度和壓力等均屬重要運(yùn)行參數(shù)。對(duì)于裝有電腦顯示屏的新型機(jī)臺(tái)，發(fā)生故障或需要保養(yǎng)時(shí)，會(huì)被控制系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)到，并在屏幕上顯示出來(lái)，因而故障較易解決 ；而對(duì)于一些舊款機(jī)臺(tái)，僅用幾只儀表顯示壓力、溫度 、分離前后壓降等，出現(xiàn)故障較難處理。以下就舊機(jī)型英格索蘭 EP200風(fēng)冷型850 kPa機(jī)的日常故障維修加以分析。山東空壓機(jī)

In daily maintenance, in addition to regular oil change, filter element and other wearing parts, a large number of troubleshooting work is required. Rotor speed, injection pressure and oil type, compressor exhaust temperature and pressure are important operating parameters. For the new type machine with computer display screen, when it breaks down or needs maintenance, it will be detected by the control system and displayed on the screen, so the fault is easy to solve; for some old models, only a few instruments are used to display the pressure, temperature, pressure drop before and after separation, which is difficult to deal with. The following is an analysis of the daily troubleshooting of the old model Ingersoll Rand ep200 air-cooled 850 kPa machine.

1. 壓縮機(jī)不能啟動(dòng) 首先檢查有無(wú)控制電壓。若沒(méi)有，則要檢查熔絲等是否完好；如果有控制電壓，則檢查控制繼電器及時(shí)間繼電器運(yùn)行是否正常。

1. If the compressor cannot be started, first check whether there is control voltage. If not, check whether the fuse is in good condition; if there is control voltage, check whether the control relay and time relay operate normally.

2. 壓縮機(jī)啟動(dòng)不暢。 開(kāi)機(jī)幾秒鐘后自動(dòng)停機(jī)從電器方面人手，如自動(dòng)空氣開(kāi)關(guān)是否起跳，電壓是否正常，進(jìn)氣蝶閥關(guān)閉程度是否正常(壓縮機(jī)是不能帶負(fù)載啟動(dòng)的)，以及 Y一△啟動(dòng)中接觸器和電機(jī)三相是否正常等。

2. The compressor does not start smoothly. After starting up for a few seconds, the machine will stop automatically from the electrical aspects, such as whether the automatic air switch jumps, whether the voltage is normal, whether the closing degree of the inlet butterfly valve is normal (the compressor can not be started with load), and whether the three-phase contactor and motor during Y-delta start-up are normal.

3. 壓縮機(jī)不供氣 檢查控制油缸有無(wú)動(dòng)作，如有動(dòng)作，檢查蝶閥有無(wú)機(jī)械故障；如無(wú)故障，查看加載電磁ISV線圈是否有吸力；排除 ISV電磁閥機(jī)械故障和線圈故障后，再逐一排查電磁閥ISV所在的分電路。

3. If there is no air supply to the compressor, check whether the control cylinder acts, if there is action, check whether the butterfly valve has mechanical fault; if not, check whether the coil of loading electromagnetic ISV has suction; after eliminating the mechanical fault and coil fault of ISV solenoid valve, check the distribution circuit of solenoid valve ISV one by one.

4. 排氣壓力過(guò)低 首先，檢查分離前后壓力，手動(dòng)閥和調(diào)節(jié)電磁閥2SV等是否漏氣；然后檢查用氣管路有無(wú)泄漏，蝶閥是否全部打開(kāi)，進(jìn)氣調(diào)節(jié)器是否工作正常，電磁閥 3SV、8SV是否漏氣，壓力開(kāi)關(guān) IPS是否需重新調(diào)整等。4. The exhaust pressure is too low. First, check the pressure before and after separation, whether the manual valve and the regulating solenoid valve 2sv are leaking; then check whether the gas pipeline is leaking, whether the butterfly valve is fully opened, whether the air intake regulator is working normally, whether the solenoid valves 3sv and 8sv are leaking, whether the pressure switch IPS needs to be readjusted, etc.

5. 排氣壓力過(guò)高 檢查進(jìn)氣蝶閥機(jī)構(gòu)有無(wú)機(jī)械故障，加載電磁閥lsV閥有否漏氣，壓力開(kāi)關(guān)上下限是否需重新調(diào)整。如果排氣壓力過(guò)高，造成安全閥跑氣或分離前后壓力變化過(guò)大，就有可能是最小壓力閥卡死，或油分阻塞，需更換。

5. If the exhaust pressure is too high, check whether the air inlet butterfly valve mechanism has mechanical fault, whether the LSV valve of the loading solenoid valve leaks, and whether the upper and lower limits of the pressure switch need to be readjusted. If the exhaust pressure is too high, causing the safety valve to escape or the pressure changes too much before and after separation, it may be that the minimum pressure valve is stuck or the oil content is blocked, which needs to be replaced.

6. 因壓縮機(jī)進(jìn)口噴油而停機(jī) 先檢查斷油電磁閥5SV有無(wú)電壓，機(jī)械部分是否正常；若正常，則檢查止逆閥，進(jìn)行重新裝配或更換。

6. When the compressor stops due to oil injection at the inlet of the compressor, first check whether the oil cut-off solenoid valve 5sv has voltage and whether the mechanical part is normal; if it is normal, check the check valve and carry out re assembly or replacement.

7. 排氣溫度過(guò)高 排氣溫度一般在 80～95℃。若沒(méi)有足夠潤(rùn)滑油冷卻，則會(huì)使溫度過(guò)高而引起故障。首先應(yīng)檢查環(huán)境溫度、壓縮機(jī)潤(rùn)滑油、油位 、油質(zhì)、冷動(dòng)風(fēng)扇等是否正常；然后檢查油冷卻器 、后冷卻器是否清潔，溫控閥元件、斷油電磁閥電壓和閥體部分是否正常，如有膜片損壞、溫控閥芯不動(dòng)作等，則需更換；最后查看油過(guò)濾器是否弄臟或需更換。

7. The exhaust temperature is too high, and the exhaust temperature is generally 80-95 ℃. If there is not enough cooling oil, the temperature will be too high and cause failure. First, check whether the ambient temperature, compressor lubricating oil, oil level, oil quality and cold fan are normal; then check whether the oil cooler and after cooler are clean, whether the temperature control valve element, oil cut-off solenoid valve voltage and valve body are normal, if there is diaphragm damage, temperature control valve core does not act, etc., it needs to be replaced; finally, check whether the oil filter is dirty or needs to be replaced.

8. 壓縮機(jī)油耗大 檢查疏水閥排出的冷凝水含油量是否過(guò)大，壓縮機(jī)油位是否偏高，最小壓力閥開(kāi)啟壓力是否正常，回油管是否阻塞，油分離芯是否阻塞等。以上問(wèn)題都會(huì)影響油耗，應(yīng)及時(shí)處理。

8. The oil consumption of the compressor is large. Check whether the oil content of condensate water discharged from the drain valve is too large, whether the compressor oil level is high, whether the opening pressure of the minimum pressure valve is normal, whether the oil return pipe is blocked, whether the oil separation core is blocked, etc. The above problems will affect the fuel consumption and should be dealt with in time.

9. 運(yùn)行中機(jī)組自動(dòng)停機(jī) 首先，檢查機(jī)臺(tái)是否正常 自動(dòng)停機(jī)；然后檢查自動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)和熱繼電器是否動(dòng)作，是否引起冷卻風(fēng)扇電機(jī)停止，或排氣溫度過(guò)高，或壓力過(guò)高等，以及電機(jī)電壓是否正常等。

9. In operation, the unit stops automatically. First, check whether the machine stops normally; then check whether the automatic switch and thermal relay act, whether the cooling fan motor stops, or the exhaust temperature is too high or the pressure is too high, and whether the motor voltage is normal.